Timing comparision for matches between fast-chess and cutechess-cli

[vondele]

Testing performance with the following script on 16c/32t hardware

rm -f *-out.pgn

for binary in ./cutechess-cli ./fast-chess
do

echo " ============= $binary ============== "

(

time $binary    -recover -repeat -games 2 -rounds 500 -tournament gauntlet\
                -pgnout $binary-out.pgn\
                -srand $RANDOM  -resign movecount=3 score=600 -draw movenumber=34 movecount=8 score=20\
                -variant standard -concurrency 32 -openings file=book.epd format=epd order=sequential \
                -engine name=sf_1 tc=100+0.1 depth=8 cmd=./sf_1 dir=.\
                -engine name=sf_2 tc=100+0.1 depth=6 cmd=./sf_2 dir=.\
                -each proto=uci option.Threads=1

) | grep "Finished game" | sort -n -k 3 > $binary-out.finished

done

echo "============== Finished game output ================"
diff ./cutechess-cli-out.finished ./fast-chess-out.finished
echo "============== pgn result =========================="
grep PlyCount cutechess-cli-out.pgn | grep -o "[0-9]*" | sort -n > cutechess-cli-out.plycount
grep PlyCount fast-chess-out.pgn | grep -o "[0-9]*" | sort -n > fast-chess-out.plycount
diff ./cutechess-cli-out.plycount ./fast-chess-out.plycount 
echo "===================================================="

i.e. fixed depth fast games, full load

 ============= ./cutechess-cli ============== 

real	0m42.820s
user	4m24.312s
sys	15m16.847s
 ============= ./fast-chess ============== 

real	0m27.328s
user	10m50.618s
sys	2m2.949s

games finish 1.56x faster with fc compared to cutechess
if I analyze the pgn for the average time per move, fast-chess accounts for 0.00442054s while cutechess accounts for 0.0112434s
This is interesting, since we play node-accurate identical games.

Increasing the depth to 10 and 8:

 ============= ./cutechess-cli ============== 

real	1m15.260s
user	9m48.985s
sys	25m19.181s
 ============= ./fast-chess ============== 

real	0m57.330s
user	25m45.203s
sys	2m7.279s

so about 1.3x faster with fc.
times per move:
0.0135797
0.0198652

so again about 6-7ms more overhead accounted for by cc.

At TC of 2+0.02s we have:

 ============= ./cutechess-cli ============== 

real	3m34.653s
user	68m2.219s
sys	34m12.409s
 ============= ./fast-chess ============== 

real	3m16.371s
user	95m10.045s
sys	2m45.979s
============== Finished game output ================

In this match, we see no time losses for fc, but cc has

     54  0-1 {White loses on time}
     58  1-0 {Black loses on time}

i.e. 10% time loss.

Average time is
0.0455537 fc
0.0486419 cc
Total number of plies played:
125096 fc
128741 cc
The draw rates are similar (40.5% vs 41%).

[Disservin]

looks good i think, a bit faster in realtime, and fc with higher user time because it uses multiple threads for the user code

[vondele]

yes, looks certainly good. I did do a sudo perf record -i ./fast-chess .... on a fixed depth 1000 games test and this is what I get for perf report:

Samples: 189  of event 'cycles', Event count (approx.): 66441325
Overhead  Command     Shared Object         Symbol
   9.42%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] fast_chess::book::OpeningBook::setup
   6.87%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] chess::attacks::rookAttacks
   6.59%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] clear_page_rep
   4.81%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] malloc
   4.77%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] fast_chess::RoundRobin::start
   4.17%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] malloc_consolidate
   2.70%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] schedule
   2.47%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] timerqueue_add
   2.39%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] exit_to_user_mode_loop
   2.38%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] smp_call_function_many_cond
   2.34%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] mod_objcg_state
   2.23%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] page_remove_rmap
   2.18%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] _int_malloc
   2.06%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] cfree@GLIBC_2.2.5
   2.03%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] chess::attacks::bishopAttacks
   2.00%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] __cond_resched
   2.00%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] __free_one_page
   1.90%  fast-chess  ld-linux-x86-64.so.2  [.] _dl_lookup_symbol_x
   1.79%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] __get_user_8
   1.70%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] uncharge_page
   1.66%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] _copy_from_user
   1.59%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] do_syscall_64
   1.53%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] do_user_addr_fault
   1.52%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] should_failslab
   1.33%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] fast_chess::RoundRobin::create

I guess some overhead in fast_chess::book::OpeningBook::setup and possibly quite many allocations.

[vondele]

when compiled with the testing flags: I have

Samples: 611  of event 'cycles', Event count (approx.): 633638972
Overhead  Command     Shared Object         Symbol
   4.32%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] malloc_consolidate                                                                                                                                  ◆
   3.06%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] malloc                                                                                                                                              ▒
   2.91%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] _int_malloc                                                                                                                                         ▒
   2.35%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] unlink_chunk.constprop.0                                                                                                                            ▒
   1.99%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::basic_json<nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::ordered_map, std::vector, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>▒
   1.96%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] kmem_cache_alloc                                                                                                                                    ▒
   1.34%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::detail::serializer<nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::basic_json<nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::ordered_map, std::vector, std::__c▒
   1.05%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] memset                                                                                                                                              ▒
   1.05%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::basic_json<nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::ordered_map, std::vector, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>▒
   1.01%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] _int_free                                                                                                                                           ▒
   1.00%  fast-chess  libc.so.6             [.] __memmove_avx_unaligned_erms                                                                                                                        ▒
   1.00%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] copy_page_from_iter_atomic                                                                                                                          ▒
   0.86%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode                                                                                                                         ▒
   0.83%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] do_sys_openat2                                                                                                                                      ▒
   0.81%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] __alloc_file                                                                                                                                        ▒
   0.81%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] slab_free_freelist_hook.constprop.0                                                                                                                 ▒
   0.80%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::detail::serializer<nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::basic_json<nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_2::ordered_map, std::vector, std::__c▒
   0.80%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_construct<char*>                                                ▒
   0.79%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] kmem_cache_free                                                                                                                                     ▒
   0.78%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] chess::attacks::rookAttacks                                                                                                                         ▒
   0.76%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] jbd2_write_access_granted.part.0                                                                                                                    ▒
   0.76%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] security_file_open                                                                                                                                  ▒
   0.69%  fast-chess  fast-chess            [.] fast_chess::RoundRobin::start                                                                                                                       ▒
   0.69%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] jbd2__journal_start                                                                                                                                 ▒
   0.67%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] open_last_lookups                                                                                                                                   ▒
   0.67%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] srso_safe_ret                                                                                                                                       ▒
   0.67%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] __x64_sys_clock_nanosleep                                                                                                                           ▒
   0.66%  fast-chess  [kernel.kallsyms]     [k] mem_cgroup_css_rstat_flush                      

[Disservin]

sorry but wdym with the testing flags?

[vondele]

make -j CXXFLAGS="-O2 -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -Wuninitialized -g3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer"

[vondele]

I attach a memory profiling for a match as obtained with:
valgrind --tool=massif --depth=20 --threshold=5.0 ./fast-chess followed by
ms_print massif.out.74166 > massif.print.txt and deleting some stuff.

This leads to:

96.14% (1,565,372B) (heap allocation functions) malloc/new/new[], --alloc-fns, etc.
->30.81% (501,692B) in 93 places, all below massif's threshold (5.00%)
| 
->28.30% (460,800B) 0x154B09: allocate (new_allocator.h:127)
| ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x154B09: allocate (alloc_traits.h:464)
|   ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x154B09: _M_allocate (stl_vector.h:346)
|     ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x154B09: std::vector<fast_chess::engine::process::Line, std::allocator<fast_chess::engine::process::Line> >::reserve(unsigned long) (vector.tcc:78)
|       ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x15DE20: UciEngine (uci_engine.hpp:27)
|         ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x15DE20: fast_chess::util::CachedEntry<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >::CachedEntry<fast_chess::EngineConfiguration const&, bool const&>(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, fast_chess::EngineConfiguration const&, bool const&) (cache.hpp:20)
|           ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x15E0B0: construct<fast_chess::util::CachedEntry<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >, const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, const fast_chess::EngineConfiguration&, bool const&> (new_allocator.h:162)
|             ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x15E0B0: construct<fast_chess::util::CachedEntry<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >, const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, const fast_chess::EngineConfiguration&, bool const&> (alloc_traits.h:516)
|               ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x15E0B0: void std::deque<fast_chess::util::CachedEntry<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<fast_chess::util::CachedEntry<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >::_M_push_back_aux<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, fast_chess::EngineConfiguration const&, bool const&>(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, fast_chess::EngineConfiguration const&, bool const&) (deque.tcc:501)
|                 ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x15E442: emplace_back<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, const fast_chess::EngineConfiguration&, bool const&> (deque.tcc:176)
|                   ->28.30% (460,800B) 0x15E442: fast_chess::util::CachedEntry<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >& fast_chess::util::CachePool<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >::getEntry<fast_chess::EngineConfiguration const&, bool const&>(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, fast_chess::EngineConfiguration const&, bool const&) (cache.hpp:49)
|                     ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x150D8F: fast_chess::BaseTournament::playGame(fast_chess::GamePair<fast_chess::EngineConfiguration, fast_chess::EngineConfiguration> const&, std::function<void ()>, std::function<void (fast_chess::Stats const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::pair<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&, fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&> const&)>, fast_chess::pgn::Opening const&, unsigned long) (tournament.cpp:78)
|                     | ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16E686: fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|                     |   ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                     |     ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:96)
|                     |       ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __call<void, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4> (functional:420)
|                     |         ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: operator()<> (functional:503)
|                     |           ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                     |             ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:111)
|                     |               ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1468)
|                     |                 ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1409)
|                     |                   ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                     |                     ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:116)
|                     |                       ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: std::_Function_handler<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> (), std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|                     |                         ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x170F51: operator() (std_function.h:590)
|                     |                           ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x170F51: std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::_M_do_set(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> ()>*, bool*) (future:571)
|                     |                             ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x4C3FEE7: __pthread_once_slow (pthread_once.c:116)
|                     |                               ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: __gthread_once (gthr-default.h:700)
|                     |                                 ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: call_once<void (std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::*)(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*), std::__future_base::_State_baseV2*, std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*> (mutex:783)
|                     |                                   ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: _M_set_result (future:411)
|                     |                                     ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: _M_run (future:1471)
|                     |                                       ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: operator() (future:1604)
|                     |                                         ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: operator() (threadpool.hpp:31)
|                     |                                           ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                     |                                             ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: __invoke_r<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:111)
|                     |                                               ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: std::_Function_handler<void (), fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|                     |                                                 ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x15377B: operator() (std_function.h:590)
|                     |                                                   ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x15377B: fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::work() (threadpool.hpp:96)
|                     |                                                     ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x494F252: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.30)
|                     |                                                       ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x4C3AAC2: start_thread (pthread_create.c:442)
|                     |                                                         ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x4CCBA03: clone (clone.S:100)
|                     |                                                           
|                     ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x150DB2: fast_chess::BaseTournament::playGame(fast_chess::GamePair<fast_chess::EngineConfiguration, fast_chess::EngineConfiguration> const&, std::function<void ()>, std::function<void (fast_chess::Stats const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::pair<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&, fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&> const&)>, fast_chess::pgn::Opening const&, unsigned long) (tournament.cpp:79)
|                       ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16E686: fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|                         ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                           ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:96)
|                             ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __call<void, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4> (functional:420)
|                               ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: operator()<> (functional:503)
|                                 ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                                   ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:111)
|                                     ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1468)
|                                       ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1409)
|                                         ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                                           ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:116)
|                                             ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16F18C: std::_Function_handler<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> (), std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|                                               ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x170F51: operator() (std_function.h:590)
|                                                 ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x170F51: std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::_M_do_set(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> ()>*, bool*) (future:571)
|                                                   ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x4C3FEE7: __pthread_once_slow (pthread_once.c:116)
|                                                     ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: __gthread_once (gthr-default.h:700)
|                                                       ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: call_once<void (std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::*)(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*), std::__future_base::_State_baseV2*, std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*> (mutex:783)
|                                                         ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: _M_set_result (future:411)
|                                                           ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: _M_run (future:1471)
|                                                             ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: operator() (future:1604)
|                                                               ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: operator() (threadpool.hpp:31)
|                                                                 ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                                                                   ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: __invoke_r<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:111)
|                                                                     ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x16C383: std::_Function_handler<void (), fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|                                                                       ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x15377B: operator() (std_function.h:590)
|                                                                         ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x15377B: fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::work() (threadpool.hpp:96)
|                                                                           ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x494F252: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.30)
|                                                                             ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x4C3AAC2: start_thread (pthread_create.c:442)
|                                                                               ->14.15% (230,400B) 0x4CCBA03: clone (clone.S:100)
|                                                                                 
->22.88% (372,480B) 0x148256: allocate (new_allocator.h:127)
| ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x148256: allocate (alloc_traits.h:464)
|   ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x148256: _M_allocate (stl_vector.h:346)
|     ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x148256: void std::vector<fast_chess::MoveData, std::allocator<fast_chess::MoveData> >::_M_realloc_insert<fast_chess::MoveData const&>(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<fast_chess::MoveData*, std::vector<fast_chess::MoveData, std::allocator<fast_chess::MoveData> > >, fast_chess::MoveData const&) (vector.tcc:440)
|       ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x13FD4C: push_back (stl_vector.h:1198)
|         ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x13FD4C: fast_chess::Match::addMoveData(fast_chess::Player const&, long, bool) (match.cpp:64)
|           ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x140911: fast_chess::Match::playMove(fast_chess::Player&, fast_chess::Player&) (match.cpp:227)
|             ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x140FBD: fast_chess::Match::start(fast_chess::engine::UciEngine&, fast_chess::engine::UciEngine&, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > const&) (match.cpp:125)
|             | ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x150E4E: fast_chess::BaseTournament::playGame(fast_chess::GamePair<fast_chess::EngineConfiguration, fast_chess::EngineConfiguration> const&, std::function<void ()>, std::function<void (fast_chess::Stats const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::pair<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&, fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&> const&)>, fast_chess::pgn::Opening const&, unsigned long) (tournament.cpp:89)
|             |   ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16E686: fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|             |     ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:61)
|             |       ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: __invoke<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:96)
|             |         ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: __call<void, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4> (functional:420)
|             |           ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: operator()<> (functional:503)
|             |             ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:61)
|             |               ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:111)
|             |                 ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1468)
|             |                   ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1409)
|             |                     ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:61)
|             |                       ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:116)
|             |                         ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16F18C: std::_Function_handler<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> (), std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|             |                           ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x170F51: operator() (std_function.h:590)
|             |                             ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x170F51: std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::_M_do_set(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> ()>*, bool*) (future:571)
|             |                               ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x4C3FEE7: __pthread_once_slow (pthread_once.c:116)
|             |                                 ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16C383: __gthread_once (gthr-default.h:700)
|             |                                   ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16C383: call_once<void (std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::*)(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*), std::__future_base::_State_baseV2*, std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*> (mutex:783)
|             |                                     ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16C383: _M_set_result (future:411)
|             |                                       ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16C383: _M_run (future:1471)
|             |                                         ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16C383: operator() (future:1604)
|             |                                           ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16C383: operator() (threadpool.hpp:31)
|             |                                             ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16C383: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:61)
|             |                                               ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16C383: __invoke_r<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:111)
|             |                                                 ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x16C383: std::_Function_handler<void (), fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|             |                                                   ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x15377B: operator() (std_function.h:590)
|             |                                                     ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x15377B: fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::work() (threadpool.hpp:96)
|             |                                                       ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x494F252: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.30)
|             |                                                         ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x4C3AAC2: start_thread (pthread_create.c:442)
|             |                                                           ->22.88% (372,480B) 0x4CCBA03: clone (clone.S:100)
|             |                                                             
|             ->00.00% (0B) in 1+ places, all below ms_print's threshold (01.00%)
|             
->08.05% (131,072B) 0x1575DF: allocate (new_allocator.h:127)
| ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x1575DF: allocate (alloc_traits.h:464)
|   ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x1575DF: _M_allocate (stl_vector.h:346)
|     ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x1575DF: reserve (vector.tcc:78)
|       ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x1575DF: Board (chess.hpp:1737)
|         ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x1575DF: fast_chess::Match::Match(fast_chess::pgn::Opening const&) (match.hpp:110)
|           ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x150E1B: fast_chess::BaseTournament::playGame(fast_chess::GamePair<fast_chess::EngineConfiguration, fast_chess::EngineConfiguration> const&, std::function<void ()>, std::function<void (fast_chess::Stats const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::pair<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&, fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&> const&)>, fast_chess::pgn::Opening const&, unsigned long) (tournament.cpp:88)
|             ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16E686: fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|               ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                 ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: __invoke<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:96)
|                   ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: __call<void, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4> (functional:420)
|                     ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: operator()<> (functional:503)
|                       ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                         ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:111)
|                           ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1468)
|                             ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1409)
|                               ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                                 ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:116)
|                                   ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16F18C: std::_Function_handler<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> (), std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|                                     ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x170F51: operator() (std_function.h:590)
|                                       ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x170F51: std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::_M_do_set(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> ()>*, bool*) (future:571)
|                                         ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x4C3FEE7: __pthread_once_slow (pthread_once.c:116)
|                                           ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16C383: __gthread_once (gthr-default.h:700)
|                                             ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16C383: call_once<void (std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::*)(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*), std::__future_base::_State_baseV2*, std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*> (mutex:783)
|                                               ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16C383: _M_set_result (future:411)
|                                                 ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16C383: _M_run (future:1471)
|                                                   ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16C383: operator() (future:1604)
|                                                     ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16C383: operator() (threadpool.hpp:31)
|                                                       ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16C383: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:61)
|                                                         ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16C383: __invoke_r<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:111)
|                                                           ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x16C383: std::_Function_handler<void (), fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
|                                                             ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x15377B: operator() (std_function.h:590)
|                                                               ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x15377B: fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::work() (threadpool.hpp:96)
|                                                                 ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x494F252: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.30)
|                                                                   ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x4C3AAC2: start_thread (pthread_create.c:442)
|                                                                     ->08.05% (131,072B) 0x4CCBA03: clone (clone.S:100)
|                                                                       
->06.10% (99,328B) 0x1244EA: allocate (new_allocator.h:127)
  ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x1244EA: allocate (alloc_traits.h:464)
    ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x1244EA: _M_allocate (stl_vector.h:346)
      ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x1244EA: void std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >::_M_realloc_insert<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&>(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >*, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) (vector.tcc:440)
        ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x13FD28: push_back (stl_vector.h:1198)
          ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x13FD28: fast_chess::Match::addMoveData(fast_chess::Player const&, long, bool) (match.cpp:65)
            ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x140911: fast_chess::Match::playMove(fast_chess::Player&, fast_chess::Player&) (match.cpp:227)
              ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x140FBD: fast_chess::Match::start(fast_chess::engine::UciEngine&, fast_chess::engine::UciEngine&, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > const&) (match.cpp:125)
              | ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x150E4E: fast_chess::BaseTournament::playGame(fast_chess::GamePair<fast_chess::EngineConfiguration, fast_chess::EngineConfiguration> const&, std::function<void ()>, std::function<void (fast_chess::Stats const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::pair<fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&, fast_chess::engine::UciEngine const&> const&)>, fast_chess::pgn::Opening const&, unsigned long) (tournament.cpp:89)
              |   ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16E686: fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
              |     ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:61)
              |       ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: __invoke<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, std::optional<long unsigned int>&> (invoke.h:96)
              |         ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: __call<void, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4> (functional:420)
              |           ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: operator()<> (functional:503)
              |             ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:61)
              |               ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<void, std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&> (invoke.h:111)
              |                 ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1468)
              |                   ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: operator() (future:1409)
              |                     ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_impl<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:61)
              |                       ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: __invoke_r<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>(long unsigned int, long unsigned int, int, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>, std::allocator<int>, void()>::_M_run()::<lambda()>, void>&> (invoke.h:116)
              |                         ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16F18C: std::_Function_handler<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> (), std::__future_base::_Task_setter<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result<void>, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>, std::__future_base::_Task_state<std::_Bind<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
              |                           ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x170F51: operator() (std_function.h:590)
              |                             ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x170F51: std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::_M_do_set(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter> ()>*, bool*) (future:571)
              |                               ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x4C3FEE7: __pthread_once_slow (pthread_once.c:116)
              |                                 ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16C383: __gthread_once (gthr-default.h:700)
              |                                   ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16C383: call_once<void (std::__future_base::_State_baseV2::*)(std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*), std::__future_base::_State_baseV2*, std::function<std::unique_ptr<std::__future_base::_Result_base, std::__future_base::_Result_base::_Deleter>()>*, bool*> (mutex:783)
              |                                     ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16C383: _M_set_result (future:411)
              |                                       ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16C383: _M_run (future:1471)
              |                                         ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16C383: operator() (future:1604)
              |                                           ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16C383: operator() (threadpool.hpp:31)
              |                                             ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16C383: __invoke_impl<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:61)
              |                                               ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16C383: __invoke_r<void, fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&>(const fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::<lambda(std::size_t, std::size_t, std::size_t, int, std::optional<long unsigned int>)>&, long unsigned int&, long unsigned int&, int&, int&, const std::optional<long unsigned int>&)::<lambda()>&> (invoke.h:111)
              |                                                 ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x16C383: std::_Function_handler<void (), fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::enqueue<fast_chess::RoundRobin::create()::{lambda(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, int, std::optional<unsigned long>)
              |                                                   ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x15377B: operator() (std_function.h:590)
              |                                                     ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x15377B: fast_chess::util::ThreadPool::work() (threadpool.hpp:96)
              |                                                       ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x494F252: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.30)
              |                                                         ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x4C3AAC2: start_thread (pthread_create.c:442)
              |                                                           ->06.10% (99,328B) 0x4CCBA03: clone (clone.S:100)
              |                                                             
              ->00.00% (0B) in 1+ places, all below ms_print's threshold (01.00%)

Even though massif groups things by bytes allocated an not the number of allocations, this might be useful, and I wonder if a few pre-allocated vectors / string could essentially remove all these allocates from the profile.