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</script><!-- hexo injector head_end end --><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0"></head><body class="is-2-column"><nav class="navbar navbar-main"><div class="container navbar-container"><div class="navbar-brand justify-content-center"><a class="navbar-item navbar-logo" href="/">Foundation Chronicle</a></div><div class="navbar-menu"><div class="navbar-start"><a class="navbar-item is-active" href="/">Home</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/archives">Archives</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/categories">Categories</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/tags">Tags</a></div><div class="navbar-end"><a class="navbar-item" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Download on GitHub" href="https://github.com/ppoffice/hexo-theme-icarus"><i class="fab fa-github"></i></a><a class="navbar-item search" title="搜索" href="javascript:;"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></a></div></div></div></nav><section class="section"><div class="container"><div class="columns"><div class="column order-2 column-main is-8-tablet is-8-desktop is-8-widescreen"><div class="card"><article class="card-content article" role="article"><div class="article-meta is-size-7 is-uppercase level is-mobile"><div class="level-left"><span class="level-item"><time dateTime="2023-09-24T16:15:50.000Z" title="2023/9/25 00:15:50">2023-09-25</time>发表</span><span class="level-item"><time dateTime="2023-09-25T11:25:29.275Z" title="2023/9/25 19:25:29">2023-09-25</time>更新</span><span class="level-item"><a class="link-muted" href="/categories/Technical/">Technical</a></span><span class="level-item">11 分钟读完 (大约1703个字)</span></div></div><p class="title is-3 is-size-4-mobile"><a class="link-muted" href="/2023/09/25/%E6%B5%85%E8%B0%88media3%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0/">浅谈 Media3 (一)</a></p><div class="content"><h2 id="一、Media3-的前世今生"><a href="#一、Media3-的前世今生" class="headerlink" title="一、Media3 的前世今生"></a>一、Media3 的前世今生</h2><blockquote><p>Jetpack Media3 是媒体库的新家，为 Android 应用程序带来丰富的音频和视觉体验。 Media3 提供了一个具有强大的定制能力、可靠性极高和基于设备优化的简单架构，以消除碎片带来的复杂性。</p>
<footer><strong>Android Developers 文档</strong></footer></blockquote>
<p>今年谷歌为 Media3, 也就是安卓最新的媒体播放实现库推出了第一个稳定版本。Media3 比起先前的 Media2, Exoplayer 有着极高的可定制性。</p>
<p>在 Media3 这样的库发布之前之前写一个播放器是非常困难的@w@ 笔者之前的项目使用的是远古库 MediaPlayer, 不仅要手动处理播放清单、随机等逻辑, 和系统交互的 MediaSession 通知也需要自己构建。更不用提 MediaPlayer 还会因为各种奇奇怪怪的理由罢工 2333</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/AkaneTan/Symphonica/blob/beta/app/src/main/java/org/akanework/symphonica/logic/service/SymphonicaPlayerService.kt">示例代码</a></p>
<p>感兴趣的读者可以点开上面的链接看看笔者之前的实现。到这个项目 Archive 为止，实际上部分关于媒体服务的 Impl 还没有写完 (蓝牙控制，播放恢复等)</p>
<p>Media3 为了规范播放器的架构将 Playback Notification / Resumption 的实现都包装在了一起, 让实现一个高效且标准的播放器非常容易。</p>
<h2 id="二、Media3-的美好愿景"><a href="#二、Media3-的美好愿景" class="headerlink" title="二、Media3 的美好愿景"></a>二、Media3 的美好愿景</h2><p>首先让我们来简单了解一下现在市面上大部分音乐/视频播放器所使用的软件结构:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">服务层 活动(Activity)层
Player <-> MediaSession <--------> 媒体控制器 <-> UI<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>如上面的简例所示，服务层包含了 Player 本体、与 Android 系统 / 活动层 对接的 MediaSession。而活动层包含了与服务对接的媒体控制器还有呈现给用户看的UI界面。</p>
<p>但有些没有实战过的读者可能会问了:<br><strong>这不是很简单吗???</strong></p>
<p>实际上上面的示意图省去了很多部分，比如 MediaSession 和 Player 之间对接的控制器，媒体控制器还有自己对于播放的接口，需要UI去实现。这导致了一个非常大的问题，结构太过于复杂。代码的复杂性只会导致更多的Bug。</p>
<p>甚至在实现控制器的时候还有多个库可以使用 (ExoPlayer, Media2)，这往往会给开发者造成困惑。</p>
<p>Media3 的处理是这样的:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">服务层 活动(Activity)层
ExoPlayer <-> MediaSession <--------> 媒体控制器 <-> UI
^ ^
| |
----------------------> Player <------<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>在 Media3 的理想结构下, 四个部件都不用做连接器处理。它们都直接实现通用播放器的接口。这不仅省去了写一大堆连接器的麻烦, 而且让代码更加易于维护。可能之前我们用 MediaPlayer 实例的时候需要自己处理 Activity 与 Service 之间的通信, 但在 Media3 中, 这些都已经被预制的通用播放器解决了。</p>
<p>你还会发现, 当你采用了 Media3 的架构来写播放器的时候, UI 层和服务层是完全分离的。这意味着<strong>更少的错误</strong>和<strong>更好的独立性</strong>。对于一个存活的 Service, 可以有多个播放器界面存在。</p>
<p>同时, Media3 还整合了 ExoPlayer2 作为它可选的播放器实现。</p>
<p>在 Android 13 中, 安卓推送了一项新功能: Playback Resumption (也就是前文所说的播放恢复)。当使用 Playback Resumption 的时候, 应用程序生成的 Media Control 通知 应该常驻于快速设置的面板上, 这样即使播放器根本不在运行, 使用 Media Control 也能迅速开始播放退出时的播放清单。</p>
<p>一些比较知名的播放器，比如自称安卓第一的 <code>Retro Music Player</code>, 还有 <code>Oto Music</code> 都没有把 Playback Resumption 做好。事实上，根据笔者的观察, 市面上除了笔者自己的 <code>Gramophone</code> 和 <code>Spotify</code> 之外似乎没有任何一个播放器正确的植入了 Playback Resumption。这导致 Playback Resumption 这一功能就等于作废, 停驻的 Media Control 通知并不会迅速恢复播放, 只会 **”假死”**。</p>
<p>幸运的是, Media3 发现了这一现状, 并且提供了相应的接口方便的供开发者来实现 Playback Resumption。</p>
<h2 id="三、实现"><a href="#三、实现" class="headerlink" title="三、实现"></a>三、实现</h2><p><strong>服务端</strong></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-kotlin" data-language="kotlin"><code class="language-kotlin"><span class="token keyword">import</span> androidx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>media3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>common<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AudioAttributes
<span class="token keyword">import</span> androidx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>media3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>common<span class="token punctuation">.</span>C
<span class="token keyword">import</span> androidx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>media3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>common<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Player
<span class="token keyword">import</span> androidx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>media3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exoplayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ExoPlayer
<span class="token keyword">import</span> androidx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>media3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MediaSession
<span class="token keyword">import</span> androidx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>media3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MediaSessionService
<span class="token keyword">class</span> PlaybackService <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">MediaSessionService</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">var</span> mediaSession<span class="token operator">:</span> MediaSession<span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span>
<span class="token keyword">override</span> <span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">onCreate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">val</span> player <span class="token operator">=</span> ExoPlayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Builder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">build</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">val</span> audioAttributes<span class="token operator">:</span> AudioAttributes <span class="token operator">=</span> AudioAttributes<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Builder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setUsage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>C<span class="token punctuation">.</span>USAGE_MEDIA<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setContentType</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>C<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_MUSIC<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">build</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAudioAttributes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>audioAttributes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onCreate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">override</span> <span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">onDestroy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
mediaSession<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">release</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">release</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
mediaSession <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onDestroy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">override</span> <span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">onGetSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>controllerInfo<span class="token operator">:</span> MediaSession<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ControllerInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> MediaSession<span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> mediaSession
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>如上面的代码段, 这便是一个最简单的 Media3 播放器实例了。我们这里使用的是实现播放功能最简单的 MediaSessionService, 但通常情况下最好使用 MediaLibraryService。MediaLibraryService 能够为其他的使用暴露播放器的媒体库 (Android Auto, 语音助手)。</p>
<p>让我们逐行分解。</p>
<ol>
<li>MediaSession</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-kotlin" data-language="kotlin"><code class="language-kotlin"><span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">var</span> mediaSession<span class="token operator">:</span> MediaSession<span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
...
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">override</span> <span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">onGetSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>controllerInfo<span class="token operator">:</span> MediaSession<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ControllerInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> MediaSession<span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> mediaSession<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>我们在这里定义了一个 mediaSession。这个 session 将作为 Activity 的 UI 层与 Service 层交互的凭证。 Activity 层可以凭借这个 Session 来与播放器通讯, 添加播放清单等。</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>Player<pre class="line-numbers language-kotlin" data-language="kotlin"><code class="language-kotlin"><span class="token keyword">val</span> player <span class="token operator">=</span> ExoPlayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Builder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">build</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// 处理 Audio Focus</span>
<span class="token keyword">val</span> audioAttributes<span class="token operator">:</span> AudioAttributes <span class="token operator">=</span> AudioAttributes<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Builder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setUsage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>C<span class="token punctuation">.</span>USAGE_MEDIA<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setContentType</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>C<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_MUSIC<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">build</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAudioAttributes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>audioAttributes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
</ol>
<p>我们在这里创建了一个 ExoPlayer 的实例。请注意，此处的 ExoPlayer 非彼 ExoPlayer。 ExoPlayer 作为 Media3 的一部分被包含在了 Media3 当中。<br>而 AudioAttributes 是我们加给 ExoPlayer 的媒体信息，这样当其他的应用需要播放媒体的时候, ExoPlayer 便会自动暂停，当别的应用释放媒体焦点后 ExoPlayer 再自动获取。之前需要用到 AudioManager 来手动处理这一点，现在可以直接通过 AudioAttributes 直接解决。</p>
<p><strong>活动端</strong></p>
<p>活动端的实现很简单，我们只需要在 onStart 中添加以下获取 session 的方法即可。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-kotlin" data-language="kotlin"><code class="language-kotlin">sessionToken <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">SessionToken</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">ComponentName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>GramophonePlaybackService<span class="token operator">::</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>java<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
controllerFuture <span class="token operator">=</span> MediaController<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Builder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sessionToken<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">buildAsync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>在这里我们获取了一个 controllerFuture，而我们可以通过它来获取 Player 本体。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-kotlin" data-language="kotlin"><code class="language-kotlin"><span class="token keyword">val</span> player <span class="token operator">=</span> controllerFuture<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>举个例子，假如我们想要暂停播放的话，就可以用 <code>player.pause()</code> 来实现。如果以前我们想要更新 UI 内容的话可能会要用到 Handler 或者 Thread。现在我们只需要给 Player 新增一个回调即可:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-kotlin" data-language="kotlin"><code class="language-kotlin"><span class="token keyword">val</span> playerListener <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">object</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> Player<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Listener</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">override</span> <span class="token keyword">fun</span> <span class="token function">onIsPlayingChanged</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>isPlaying<span class="token operator">:</span> Boolean<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onIsPlayingChanged</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>isPlaying<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<pre class="line-numbers language-kotlin" data-language="kotlin"><code class="language-kotlin">controllerFuture<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> controllerFuture<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>playerListener<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
MoreExecutors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">directExecutor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></div></article></div></div><div class="column column-left is-4-tablet is-4-desktop is-4-widescreen order-1"><div class="card widget" data-type="profile"><div class="card-content"><nav class="level"><div class="level-item has-text-centered flex-shrink-1"><div><figure class="image is-128x128 mx-auto mb-2"><img class="avatar is-rounded" src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/5f8f47a500e53d5a525bbb203f362068?s=128" alt="AkaneTan"></figure><p class="title is-size-4 is-block" style="line-height:inherit;">AkaneTan</p><p class="is-size-6 is-block">Nekoverse wanderer</p><p class="is-size-6 is-flex justify-content-center"><i class="fas fa-map-marker-alt mr-1"></i><span>Shanghai, China</span></p></div></div></nav><nav class="level is-mobile"><div class="level-item has-text-centered is-marginless"><div><p class="heading">文章</p><a 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