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SENG-LIVE-WEST-061223 Phase 3 - Python

Phase Level Objectives

  • Understand the principles of Python as a language including principles of object oriented programming
  • Understand the characteristics of a relational database
  • Perform CRUD actions on a database using SQLAlchemy & Alembic
  • Design an API to handle CRUD actions
  • Communicate with an API using different HTTP verbs
  • Create and present a project with a React frontend and a database-backed API backend
Lecture Notes Videos Starter Solution
1. (07/24/23) Python Fundamentals Notes Video Starter Solution
2. (07/25/23) Python Data Structures Notes Video Starter Solution
3. (07/26/23) Object Oriented Programming in Python Notes Video Starter Solution
4. (07/27/23) OOP 2: Class Methods, Class Variables, & Object Relationships Notes Video Starter Solution
5. (07/28/23) SQL Fundamentals & Table Relations Notes Video Starter Solution
6. (07/31/23) Object-Relational Mapping Notes Video Starter Solution
7. (08/01/23) SQLAlchemy & Alembic Notes Video Starter Solution
8. (08/04/23) SQLAlchemy Associations Notes Video Starter Solution

1: Python Fundamentals

Lecture Goals:

  • Review an introduction to Python and phase trajectory
  • Demonstrate Python package management with pip
  • Demonstrate debugging in Python with shell, print, and ipdb
  • Review Python data types (str, int, float, complex, bol, bytes, bytearry, memoryview, None)
  • Demonstrate Python conditionals and control flow
  • Demonstrate Python functions
  • Review Python variable scope and the global keyword
  • Review Python error messages and exceptions
  • Demonstrate handling errors with try: and except:
  • Stretch Goals
    • Review pytest
    • Review the Python Style Guide

Lecture Topics:

  • Python and a Short History
  • Package Management with pip
  • Debugging
    • print
    • ipdb
    • Python Shell
    • Errors
    • Exceptions
      • try: except:
  • Python Conditionals and Control Flow
    • if...else
    • Comparison Operators
      • >: greater than
      • >=: greater than or equal to
      • <: less than
      • <=: less than or equal to
      • ==: equal to
      • !=: not equal to
    • Logical operators
      • and:
      • or:
      • not:
  • Conditional Expressions
    • Ternary
  • Python Functions
    • Function Definition
    • Params
    • Default Params
    • Arguments
    • Invoking
  • Error Handling
    • Reading Errors
      • Syntax Errors, Logic Errors, and Exceptions
      • AssertionError
      • IndexError and KeyError
      • NameError
      • TypeError
      • try: except:
  • Stretch Topics
    • pytest
      • How to Read Tests
        • Note: Create tests is not covered in the labs
    • Python Style Guide

2: Python Data Structures

Lecture Goals:

  • Demonstrate Sequence types (list, tuple, range)
  • Review the different uses for each Sequence type
  • Demonstrate standard methods for accessing, updating and deleting values in Lists
  • Review Tuples
  • Review Ranges
  • Demonstrate Mapping types with Dictionaries
  • Demonstrate standard methods for accessing, updating and deleting values in Dictionaries
  • Demonstrate Set types with set() and frozenset()
  • Demonstrate for and while loops
  • Demonstrate list compressions
  • Stretch Goals
    • Demonstrate Generator expressions
    • Demonstrate how to create a switch using a Dictionary

Lecture Topics:

  • Sequence Types
    • List
    • Tuple
    • Range
    • Common Sequence Operators
    • List Methods
    • Tuples and Immutable vs Mutable
  • Mapping Types
    • Dict
      • switch
  • Set Types
    • Set
  • Loops
    • for
    • while
    • List Compression
  • Sequence Operators
  • Sequence Functions and Methods
  • Stretch Topics
    • Generator Expressions

3: Object Oriented Programming in Python

Lecture Goals:

  • Define Object Oriented Programming
  • Explain the benefits of Object Oriented Programming
  • Explain the principles of Object-Oriented Design
  • Demonstrate classes
  • Demonstrate instances
  • Demonstrate __init__
  • Demonstrate instance method
  • Demonstrate the self keyword
  • Stretch Goals
    • Demonstrate object properties
    • Demonstrate mass assignment during Class instantiation

Lecture Topics:

  • Object Oriented Programming
  • Benefits of Object Oriented Programming
  • Principles of Object-Oriented Design
  • Classes
  • Instances
  • Initializing with Attributes Using __init__
  • Instance Methods
  • Self
  • Stretch Topics
    • Object Properties

4: OOP 2: Class Methods, Class Variables, & Object Relationships

Lecture Goals:

  • Demonstrate Decorators

    • @decorator

  • Demonstrate class variables

    • Defining class variables
    • Updating class variables

  • Demonstrate class methods

    • Defining class methods
    • @classmethod
    • cls keyword

  • Object Inheritance

  • Stretch Goals

    • Super

  • Build one-to-many relationships between objects

    • Define one-to-many relationships
    • Discuss their importance and use
    • Emphasize single-source-of-truth
    • Demonstrate building one-way and two-way relationships

  • Build many-to-many relationships between objects

    • Define many-to-many relationships
    • Discuss their importance and use
    • Demonstrate building the relationship with and without intermediary class

  • Aggregate Methods

    • Write aggregate methods to collect data about objects using their related objects

Lecture Topics:

  • Decorators
  • Class Variables
  • Class Methods
  • Object Inheritance
  • Stretch Topic
    • Super

5: SQL Fundamentals & Table Relations

Lecture Goals:

  • Explain why we use databases
  • Explain what SQL is and why we use it
  • Explain the differences between a database, server, and API
  • Explain the differences between rows and columns in a table
  • Explain the differences between a Foreign Key and a Primary Key
  • Explain what a join table is
  • Explain what it means to seed a database
  • Observe using SQL to communicate with a database
  • Explain what an ORM is

Lecture Topics:

  • The Use Value of Databases in Applications
  • Domain Modeling
  • Join Table
  • Mapping Columns and Rows to Classes and Instances
  • Primary Keys
  • Foreign Keys
  • SQL
  • ORM

6: Object-Relational Mapping

Lecture Goals:

  • Demonstrate configuring an application to connect with sqlite3
  • Demonstrate a create table method
  • Review preventative measures for SQL injection
  • Demonstrate save and create methods
    • Save => Persist created instance to DB
    • Create => Instantiate / persist created instance to DB, return new instance
  • Demonstrate query methods to find and retrieve resources
  • Stretch Goal
    • Make a create_and_find_by member
    • Make update and delete members

Lecture Topics:

  • The benefits of ORM
  • Connecting ORMs to DBs
  • How to Use Data From a Database to Make Python Objects
  • Mapping a Database Table to a Python Object
  • Turning Database Rows into Python Objects

7: SQLAlchemy & Alembic

Lecture Goals:

  • Explain what SQLAlchemy is and how it benefits us as an ORM
    • Demonstrate creating a database with SQLAlchemy
    • Demonstrate creating a schema
    • Demonstrate creating columns with SQLAlchemy
    • Demonstrate creating column constraints with SQLAlchemy
    • Demonstrate creating indexes with SQLAlchemy
    • Demonstrate creating default values
  • Explain Alembic and what it does for us
    • Demonstrate configuring an application to use Alembic
    • Demonstrate creating migrations using Alembic
    • Demonstrate creating manual migrations using Alembic
    • Demonstrate CRUD in SQLAlcehmy
      • Adding data with .commit
        • .all, .order_by, desc, limit, function filter, and loop compression to grab specific columns
      • Querying data with .query
      • Updating data with .update and .commit
      • Deleting data with .delete

Lecture Topics:

  • Creating a Database
  • Creating a Schema
    • Columns
    • Constraints
    • Index
    • Default Values
  • Alembic
    • Migrations
      • Configuring the Migration Environment
      • Creating Migrations
      • Manual Migrations
  • CRUD
    • Sessions
    • Transactions
    • __repr__
    • Creating Records
      • Seeding Data
    • Reading Records
      • Selecting Specific Columns
      • Ordering
      • Limits
      • Filtering
      • Func
    • Updating Data
    • Deleting Data

8: SQLAlchemy Associations

Lecture Goals:

  • Review relationships, Primary keys, and Foreign keys
  • Demonstrate creating a table with a Foreign key and referencing another table using relationship() and backref()
  • Demonstrate using Alembic to generate tables with relationships
  • Demonstrate querying methods to view table relationships
  • Demonstrate a “one to many” association
  • Demonstrate a “many to many” association with a join model
  • Stretch Goal
    • Demonstrate using a CLI to access a backend application

Lecture Topics:

  • Design Database Tables
  • One-to-Many
  • Foreign Key Columns
  • relationship() and backref()
  • One-to-One
  • Alembic Migrations to Generate Table Relationships
  • Relation Query Methods
  • Many-to-Many
  • Stretch Topic
    • Making a CLI