Can rebuilding indexes cause worse performance after the rebuild is finished? On AZURE database

[HOASTONGE]

I used to rebuild the database index and Statistics for all Index and is more than 70,000 pages

EXECUTE dbo.IndexOptimize
@Databases = 'USER_DATABASES',
@FragmentationLow = NULL,
@FragmentationMedium = 'INDEX_REORGANIZE,INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE',
@FragmentationHigh = 'INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE',
@FragmentationLevel1 = 5,
@FragmentationLevel2 = 30,
@UpdateStatistics = 'ALL',
@OnlyModifiedStatistics = 'Y'

Server : SQL on Azure
Disk : SSD with 500 GIG
Database weight is over 336 Gig and Is still have 180 Gig free space

Database: MSSQL Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (RTM-CU22) (KB4577467) - 14.0.3356.20 (X64) Aug 20 2020 22:33:27 Copyright (C) 2017 Microsoft Corporation Standard Edition (64-bit) on Windows Server 2019 Datacenter 10.0 (Build 17763: ) (Hypervisor)
This is the script I used : B. Rebuild or reorganize all indexes with fragmentation and update modified statistics on all user databases

When I don’t rebuild Index and Statistique the Query used zero seconds, instant … the Query return only 50 rows that what I need

After I ran the script above the same query run over 6 minutes!
I tought that I used to rebuild you script for my all index but it's worth case when I rebuild

Is there a way to avoid this ? or to use as a plan Maintenance

There is the sample of query is used by the application

SELECT A0.authoredBy
,A0.blob$clientData
,A0.category
,A0.chapterDelegate
,A0.checksum
,A0.clientData
,A0.comments
,A0.classnamekeyA4
,A0.idA3A4,A0.description
,A0.distributable
,A0.fileName
,A0.fileSize
,A0.fileVersion
,A0.classnamekeyB4
,A0.idA3B4,A0.intentToChange
,A0.isChapteredContent,A0.lastAuthored,A0.lineNumber,A0.classnamekeyC4,A0.idA3C4,A0.role,A0.stale,A0.classnamekeyA5,A0.idA3A5,A0.streamId
,CONVERT(varchar,A0.createStampA2,120)
,A0.markForDeleteA2
,CONVERT(varchar,A0.modifyStampA2,120)
,A0.idA2A2,A0.updateCountA2
,CONVERT(varchar,A0.updateStampA2,120)
,A0.toolName
,A0.toolVersion
,A0.uploadedFromPath
,A1.idA3A5
,A1.classnamekeyroleAObjectRef
FROM ApplicationData A0
INNER JOIN HolderToContent A1
ON (A1.idA3B5 = A0.idA2A2)
AND A1.idA3A5 IN ( 1798238172, 912580450, 1028538553, 907029537, 1863099847, 1262771211, 386979875, 895932544, 578950324, 1663129988, 1718032014, 571459633, 1183998179, 571459632, 1000569007, 349520606, 1102083166, 423535528, 1189811782, 1404849663, 1529584035, 357461960, 1058589576, 1554439890, 1634615580, 1880975388, 428506861, 226432954, 929866715, 1031953632, 1146017030, 160340434, 1104359464, 1817025242, 2000508198, 1567955244, 1811614206, 1396469852, 1231213471, 995003659, 416707166, 1183998180, 1268697656, 925661611, 1667942340, 1880774398, 1639547535, 260373231, 1517575388, 1104365192, 1325834536, 226432955, 1424457815, 1576165031, 2045291839, 1863206531, 1589160233, 1697690143, 2021777545, 1663026402, 931843291, 1541181252, 1954085910, 1552541643, 1115040095, 1162561729, 1691399239, 1750085635, 1177924711, 1017294475, 1251870092, 1167777669, 1219744889, 1884639561, 1356115041, 1532844110, 1038181624, 993471685, 1724844484, 1840110873, 912580452, 1063799321, 1586260220, 1673565560, 1660948242, 923287313, 841400891, 1701896360, 1075743816, 1470743937, 1332996529, 734887429, 2062866066, 1188441113, 1387827403, 1125358472, 1999332651, 1580090058, 605813516, 625719517, 1669319849, 841400886, 1586260222, 1401945094, 1962090453, 1177774998, 1251722037, 1383378459, 2070837033, 1660161785, 386979873, 1162558928, 1140432480, 1914871758, 1430445130, 1372943224, 1950813450, 578950331, 451513839, 923301459, 179674017, 1552541613, 1031953631, 1686247357, 1398647642, 1919562899, 1433827466, 1916187442, 445207007, 1701896403, 1222548146, 1430721646, 1325807506, 1395418322, 1472075968, 1958289055, 2005602656, 1325584337, 1524903243, 1976539785, 1197097757, 657238939, 165634534, 527324882, 1766795298, 1116992118, 1506424065, 1877465810, 1036720830, 1949569547, 1327448550, 1393666987, 1884552614, 956646068, 1643337111, 1437275461, 463489471, 1332797751, 1881677264, 1831264560, 1606771411, 594548341, 1775829485, 578950328, 434322948, 1643337110, 1846305246, 2063934221, 734887427, 1359378004, 1325549006, 1080983830, 179334803, 1031953633, 456591541, 1463368973, 1902730660, 1613437173, 2013690246, 1740520919, 2064836632, 536446300, 1197097756, 1964887483, 2043454268, 998438098, 1034529194, 1746450814, 1327448549, 995003660, 1634616264, 1950789324, 1984035894, 1042173442, 1017235340, 1062136907, 512408006, 391979666, 1751941808, 1660176219, 842840964, 993976778, 416707165, 1565833174, 1701692218, 1410375321, 226432957, 1374001967, 1279338265, 394764540, 414020821, 1125365326, 1019667292, 1178666091, 922252653, 1463375270, 1075743815, 1998557544, 1124965406, 1327448548, 190394948, 1168028978, 1114155863, 1167777613, 1335411207, 1114439354, 1575775120, 1718020587, 1934501453, 1612833207, 434322949, 1147961780, 1112160790, 1036720833, 527031735, 578950329, 2025354438, 1086730055, 190397128, 2062864589, 1410364763, 1766766963, 1881542116, 581551733, 2064832708, 1661447421, 1919353051, 460937494, 1080983831, 433704176, 581551734, 460937491, 905775505, 1206581430, 421554814, 1343724218, 1965334230, 1019668818, 1976539784, 1132237618, 1586260217, 188932021, 416707162, 1152043796, 1036720832, 1325834403, 1686225589, 578950337, 1782217474, 578950332, 1182163901, 773909427, 1749658883, 898826153, 1672633262, 1902704796, 1513514177, 1866661655, 1069434225, 578950330, 1112160794, 1901120136, 1801463878, 956643833, 1145563123, 1325784389, 407127490, 1753716757, 991395568, 188938866, 446147689, 817709473, 467225549, 1976261656, 386979874, 179097770, 1976257923, 1984058889, 1168014130, 2007020874, 1598061392, 1000900085, 993471689, 905775506, 416707164, 1817016920, 1984100874, 1475774952, 578950326, 1802158347, 1641063262, 2092978430, 1875837217, 1910665791, 1288836154, 1210145863, 1595487568, 340552532, 1216412700, 1328108997, 993471682, 1901075804, 1069001818, 1377583281, 434322944, 754779390, 1700839249, 1902688300, 1471743703, 1880774393, 571433857, 1701694539, 1014198802, 1632646777, 1766162508, 1734652711, 1823556887, 810454043, 1675268854, 2043861249, 1660009002, 1949546004, 421554815, 1081446761, 1112160788, 1561328071, 1774985828, 1325746845, 597001489, 690419897, 434322942, 1116945605, 424195152, 1921673130, 1913068402, 2013711533)

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[olahallengren]

When you rebuild an index, that also updates the statistics. In addition the index rebuild causes the query to be recompiled, in the next execution.

Here is an article that describes this in some more detail:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/sql/sql-server-2008-r2/ms181055(v=sql.105)

I would recommend using Query Store, to see if there have been any changes to the execution plan for this query.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/performance/monitoring-performance-by-using-the-query-store