CI: Update Arm GNU Toolchain and use Ubuntu 24.04 #347

Job	Run time
host-x86 (x86_64, g++)	1m 54s
host-x86 (x86_64, clang++)	24s
host-arm (armv7, none, none, g++)	3m 34s
coding-style	9s
host-arm (armv7, none, none, clang++-15)	5m 13s
host-win (x86_64)	50s
host-arm (aarch64, none, none, g++)	2m 55s
host-win-msvc	1m 17s
host-win (armv7)	37s
host-arm (aarch64, none, none, clang++-15)	5m 20s
host-win (aarch64)	33s
host-arm (aarch64, crypto+crc, none, g++)	2m 57s
host-arm (aarch64, crypto+crc, none, clang++-15)	5m 23s
host-arm (armv7, none, -mcpu=cortex-a32 -mfpu=neon-fp-armv8, g++)	3m 32s
host-arm (armv7, none, -mcpu=cortex-a32 -mfpu=neon-fp-armv8, clang++-15)	5m 28s
test-win-msvc	48s
	40m 54s

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