Add Data component documentation

config/sidebar.paper.ts

@@ -141,14 +141,15 @@ const paper: SidebarsConfig = {
             },
             {
               type: "category",
-              label: "Component API (Adventure)",
+              label: "Text Component API (Adventure)",
               collapsed: true,
               items: [
                 "dev/api/component-api/intro",
                 "dev/api/component-api/i18n",
                 "dev/api/component-api/audiences",
               ],
             },
+            "dev/api/data-component-api",
             "dev/api/pdc",
             "dev/api/custom-inventory-holder",
             "dev/api/scheduler",

docs/paper/dev/api/data-component-api.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+---
+slug: /dev/data-component-api
+description: A guide to the ItemStack DataComponentAPI
+---
+
+# Data Component API
+
+:::danger[Experimental]
+The DataComponent API is currently experimental, and is additionally subject to change across versions.
+:::
+
+The Data Component API provides a version-specific, programmatic interface for accessing and manipulating item data that is otherwise not representable by the `ItemMeta` API. Through this API, you can read and write properties of an item—called "data components"—in a stable and object-oriented manner.
+
+## Introduction
+
+### What is a Data Component?
+A data component represents a piece of data associated with an item. Vanilla items can have properties such as custom model data, container loot contents, banner patterns, or potion effects.
+### Structure
+![Component Structure](assets/data-component-api-tree.png)
+See implementation [here](#example-cool-sword)
+
+#### The Prototype (Default Values)
+Items come with an initial set of components that we call the prototype.
+These components are defined on the `ItemType` of the `ItemStack`. They control the base behavior
+of the item, representing a brand new item without any modifications.
+
+The prototype gives items their initial properties such as if they are food, a tool, a weapon, etc.
+
+#### The Patch
+The patch represents the modifications made to the item. This may include giving it a custom name,
+modifying the enchantments, damaging it, or adding to the lore. The patch is applied ontop of the prototype,
+allowing us to make modifications to an item.
+
+The patch also allows for removing components that were previously in the prototype, this is shown by
+the `minecraft:tool` example in red. We are removing this component, so this sword item will no longer
+break cobweb / other sword blocks faster.
+
+We can also add new components, as seen from the new `minecraft:enchantment_glint_override` component, which
+allows us to make it appear with a glint.
+
+
+## Differences Compared to `ItemMeta`
+
+The `ItemMeta` API provides methods to modify `ItemStack`s in a hierarchical manner, such `CompassMeta` allowing you to modify the components of a `minecraft:compass`.
+While `ItemMeta` is still very useful, it does not properly represent this new prototype/patch relationship that Minecraft items now use.
+
+### Key Differences
+
+#### Expanded Data Model
+The Data Component API exposes a much broader and more detailed set of item properties than `ItemMeta`.
+DataComponents allow the entire component to be modified in a fashion that better represents how Minecraft does item modifications.
+
+#### Version-Specific
+The Data Component API is designed to adapt to version changes. The Data Component API may experience breaking changes on version updates as Minecraft makes changes to components.
+Backwards compatability is not promised.
+
+Because ItemMeta is represented in a different format, breaking changes made to components by Mojang may not result in breaking changes to `ItemMeta`.
+
+#### Builders and Immutability
+Many complex data components require a builder approach for construction and editing. All data types that are returned by the api are also immutable, so they will not directly modify the component.
+
+#### Patch-Only
+ItemMeta represents the patch of an ItemStack only. This means that you cannot get the original properties (prototype) of the ItemStack, such as its default
+durability or default attributes.
+
+#### No Snapshot
+Currently, ItemMeta represents a *Snapshot* of an ItemStack's patched map.
+This is expensive as it requires the entire patch to be read, even values that you may not be using.
+
+The DataComponent API integrates directly with `ItemStack`. Although conceptually similar, the Data Component API focuses on explicit, strongly typed data retrieval and updates without this additional overhead.
+
+### When should I use `DataComponents` or `ItemMeta`?
+#### `ItemMeta`
+- Simple changes to `ItemStacks`
+- Keep the most version compatability with your plugin
+#### `DataComponent`
+- More complicated `ItemStack` modifications
+- Do not care about cross-version compatability
+- Want to access default (prototype) values
+- Want to remove components from an ItemStack's prototype
+
+## Basic Usage
+The DataComponent API will fetch values according to the behavior seen in game. So, if the patch removes the `minecraft:tool` component,
+trying to get that component will return null.
+
+### Getting a Default (Prototype) value
+
+```java
+// Get the default durability of diamond sword
+int defaultDurability = Material.DIAMOND_SWORD.getDefaultData(DataComponentTypes.MAX_DAMAGE)
+```
+
+### Checking for a Data Component
+
+```java
+// Check if this item has a custom name data component
+boolean hasCustomName = stack.hasData(DataComponentTypes.CUSTOM_NAME);
+System.out.println("Has custom name? " + hasCustomName);
+```
+
+### Getting a Valued Data Component
+
+```java
+// Suppose we want to read the damage (durability) of an item
+Integer damageValue = stack.getData(DataComponentTypes.DAMAGE);
+if (damageValue != null) {
+    System.out.println("Current damage: " + damageValue);
+} else {
+    System.out.println("This item doesn't have a damage component set.");
+}
+
+// Return the max stack size, which will always be present either on the patch or the prototype
+Integer maxStackSize = stack.getData(DataComponentTypes.MAX_STACK_SIZE);
+```
+
+### Setting a Valued Data Component
+
+```java
+// Set a custom model data value on this item
+ stack.setData(DataComponentTypes.CUSTOM_MODEL_DATA, CustomModelData.customModelData()
+            .addFloat(0.5f)
+            .addFlag(true)
+            .build()
+        );
+```
+
+### Removing or Resetting a Data Component
+
+```java
+// Remove an existing component (e.g., tool)
+stack.unsetData(DataComponentTypes.TOOL);
+
+// Reset a component to the default (prototype value) for its item type (e.g., max stack size)
+stack.resetData(DataComponentTypes.MAX_STACK_SIZE);
+```
+
+### Non-Valued Data Components
+
+Some components are only flags, and dont carry any sort of value:
+
+```java
+// Make the item unbreakable
+stack.setData(DataComponentTypes.UNBREAKABLE);
+
+// Remove the unbreakable flag
+stack.unsetData(DataComponentTypes.UNBREAKABLE);
+```
+
+## Advanced Usage with Builders
+
+Many data components have complex structures that require builders.
+
+### Modifying pre-existing (prototype) component values
+
+```java
+ItemStack itemStack = ItemStack.of(Material.DIAMOND_HELMET);
+// Get the equippable component for this item, and make it a builder.
+// Note: Not all types have .toBuilder() methods
+// This is the prototype value of the diamond helmet.
+Equippable.Builder builder = itemStack.getData(DataComponentTypes.EQUIPPABLE).toBuilder();
+
+// Make the helmet look like netherite
+// We get the prototype equippable value from NETHERITE_HELMET
+builder.assetId(Material.NETHERITE_HELMET.getDefaultData(DataComponentTypes.EQUIPPABLE).assetId());
+// And give it a spooky sound when putting it on
+builder.equipSound(Registry.SOUNDS.getKeyOrThrow(Sound.ENTITY_GHAST_HURT));
+
+// Set our new item
+itemStack.setData(DataComponentTypes.EQUIPPABLE, builder);
+```
+This will create a diamond helmet that looks like a netherrite helmet when equipped, but plays a spooky
+ghast sound when equipped.
+
+### Example: Written Book
+
+```java
+ItemStack writtenBook = ItemStack.of(Material.WRITTEN_BOOK);
+WrittenBookContent.Builder bookBuilder = WrittenBookContent.writtenBookContent("My Book", "AuthorName");
+
+// Add a page
+bookBuilder.addPage(Component.text("This is a new page!"));
+
+// Add a page that shows differently for people who have swear filtering on
+// For people who have filtering off, hate will be shown, while those with filtering on will see love.
+bookBuilder.addFilteredPage(
+    Filtered.of(Component.text("I hate Paper!"), Component.text("I love paper!"))
+);
+
+// Change generation
+bookBuilder.generation(1);
+
+// Apply changes
+writtenBook.setData(DataComponentTypes.WRITTEN_BOOK_CONTENT, bookBuilder.build());
+```
+
+### Example: Cool Sword
+```java
+ItemStack itemStack = ItemStack.of(Material.DIAMOND_SWORD);
+itemStack.setData(DataComponentTypes.LORE, ItemLore.lore().addLine(Component.text("Cool sword!")).build());
+itemStack.setData(DataComponentTypes.ENCHANTMENTS, ItemEnchantments.itemEnchantments().add(Enchantment.SHARPNESS, 10).build());
+itemStack.setData(DataComponentTypes.RARITY, ItemRarity.RARE);
+
+itemStack.unsetData(DataComponentTypes.TOOL); // Remove the cool component
+
+itemStack.setData(DataComponentTypes.MAX_DAMAGE, 10);
+itemStack.setData(DataComponentTypes.ENCHANTMENT_GLINT_OVERRIDE, true); // Make it glow!
+```
+
+## Matching Items Without Certain Data Components
+
+Ignore certain properties when comparing items:
+For example, ignoring damage.
+
+```java
+ItemStack damagedSword = new ItemStack(Material.DIAMOND_SWORD);
+damagedSword.setData(DataComponentTypes.DAMAGE, 100);
+ItemStack originalSword = new ItemStack(Material.DIAMOND_SWORD);
+
+boolean match = damagedSword.matchesWithoutData(originalSword, Set.of(DataComponentTypes.DAMAGE), false);
+System.out.println("Match ignoring damage? " + match);
+```